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HVAC Systems

A technician measuring refrigerant pressure on an outdoor AC unit, inspecting essential parts of HVAC system equipment.
Air Conditioning, Heating, HVAC Systems, Maintenance

Parts of HVAC System: What Every Homeowner Should Know

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Most homeowners don’t think about the parts of HVAC system equipment until something feels off. Maybe the airflow is weaker than last month, or the temperature feels uneven from one room to the next. Since we work with heating and cooling equipment every day at C&R Services, we know how important it is to understand the essentials. When you know what each component does, you can spot issues faster and keep your home running comfortably year-round. How the Main Parts of a Forced-Air HVAC System Work Together Every home relies on the same essential HVAC components, even if the equipment varies. While systems can look different from house to house, the main parts of an HVAC system always work together in predictable ways. When one part struggles, the entire system feels the strain. Understanding those relationships helps you make smarter decisions when something breaks or when you’re planning future upgrades. Air Handlers, Blowers, and the Heart of Airflow The air handler and blower assembly control how air moves through your home. These components push conditioned air through the ducts and pull stale air back into the system. When the blower slows down, airflow drops. And as you might guess, reduced airflow often leads to hot and cold spots. If you want to understand how airflow connects to comfort, our blog on forced air heating is a good place to start because it breaks down the role of ducts, vents, and circulation in an easy way. Evaporator Coils and Condenser Coils are Key Parts of an HVAC System The evaporator coil absorbs indoor heat. The condenser coil releases that heat outdoors. These two coils perform a constant exchange whenever your cooling system runs. When dirt collects on the coils, your energy use goes up quickly. The U.S. Department of Energy explains why clean coils improve efficiency and reduce cooling cost. The Refrigerant Circuit and Why It Matters Inside the coils, refrigerant moves heat in or out of your home. Although it’s often misunderstood, refrigerant is essential for proper cooling. If the level drops, the system runs longer and temperatures start to drift. Most shortages happen because of leaks, not normal use. And when a homeowner suspects low refrigerant, they usually call us right away because refrigerant issues never fix themselves. Thermostats and HVAC System Controls Thermostats direct every other component. Yet the wrong settings or outdated technology can throw off the entire system. Smart thermostats, for example, help stabilize temperature swings and reduce wasted energy. The U.S. Department of Energy explains how updated thermostat technology improves efficiency and overall comfort, which is why proper settings matter more than most people realize. And when your thermostat isn’t communicating properly, you often feel the symptoms long before you realize the control is the problem—like short cycling, uneven temperatures, or a system that runs nonstop. Ductwork, Vents, and the Distribution Side of the System Even when the equipment runs perfectly, poorly sealed ducts leak air into unconditioned spaces. That lost air forces your HVAC system to work harder. Because the ductwork is hidden behind walls, floors, and attic spaces, it’s one of the most overlooked parts of HVAC system performance. Simple improvements like sealing joints or adding insulation can make a noticeable difference in comfort. Filters and Indoor Air Quality Air filters protect every major component. They also help maintain healthier air inside your home. When filters clog, the blower strains and the evaporator coil can freeze. Regular replacements are an easy fix, yet many homeowners forget until airflow drops. Because clean filters support airflow and reduce strain on the system, this simple, inexpensive step makes a huge difference in overall performance. Additional Parts Found in Forced-Air Heating and Cooling Systems Most homes use forced-air HVAC systems, and some setups include a few extra components depending on whether the home uses a gas furnace or a cooling system. Gas furnaces rely on burners, ignition systems, and inducer motors to create heat safely before it moves through the ducts. Cooling systems like central air conditioners and heat pumps use compressors, condenser fan motors, and condensate drains to manage refrigerant flow and moisture. Even though these parts vary by equipment type, they all work alongside the main HVAC components to keep your home comfortable. Heat Exchangers and Heating Safety Heat exchangers transfer heat from the combustion chamber to the air without mixing fumes into your living space. Because they handle high heat, they can crack over time. A cracked exchanger can allow combustion gases, including carbon monoxide, to enter the airflow, which is why annual checkups matter for safety. A damaged exchanger can also trigger safety shutdowns that keep the system from heating at all. At C&R Services, our technicians inspect these exchangers closely during seasonal tune-ups. Maintenance and Why Knowing the Parts of an HVAC System Helps When you understand the main parts of an HVAC system, it becomes much easier to spot early warning signs. Weak airflow, strange noises, short cycling, or shifting temperatures usually relate to one of the core pieces described above. And since we repair all major HVAC brands, we see how small issues turn into bigger repairs when they’re ignored. Quick action saves money and prevents breakdowns, and we provide a full range of HVAC services if you need professional support. Why Homeowners Choose C&R Services We work with HVAC systems every day, and we’ve helped families across East Texas keep their homes comfortable through long summers and chilly winter nights. If you want help, guidance, or a full system inspection, contact C&R Services and our team will be ready to help. FAQ: Quick Answers About HVAC System Parts Here are a few common questions homeowners ask when learning about HVAC components.

Technician testing a heat pump system during cold weather to check auxiliary heat performance
Heat Pumps, Heating, HVAC Systems, Maintenance, Thermostats

What Is Auxiliary Heat and How Does It Work?

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When homeowners ask “what is auxiliary heat,” it usually comes up on the first cold morning when their thermostat suddenly flashes “AUX.” You might wonder — is something wrong with my heat pump, or is this normal? At C&R Services, we’ve had plenty of calls that start with that same question. The short answer: it’s not always bad news. Auxiliary heat is simply your system’s backup plan for extreme weather, helping your home stay warm when your heat pump can’t keep up on its own. What Is Auxiliary Heat in a Heat Pump System? In simple terms, auxiliary heat (or “aux heat”) is a secondary heating source that kicks on automatically when your heat pump needs extra help. During mild weather, your heat pump transfers heat from outside air into your home. But when temperatures drop below a certain point — usually around 35°F to 40°F — that process becomes less efficient. That’s when auxiliary heat steps in. It usually uses electric resistance coils or, in some setups, a gas furnace to supply additional warmth. You might think of it like a car’s turbo boost — it’s not always running, but when it is, it gets the job done quickly. Many homeowners confuse auxiliary heat with emergency heat (EM heat) since both appear on thermostats and both provide backup warmth. The key difference is that EM heat must be turned on manually, while aux heat activates automatically when the system senses it needs extra power. For a deeper comparison, check out our post on what EM heat is and when you should use it — it explains when that mode should (and shouldn’t) be used. When Does Auxiliary Heat Turn On? Your thermostat and system controls decide when auxiliary heat activates. You might notice “AUX” appear on the display if: Outdoor temperatures are too cold for your heat pump to work efficiently Your thermostat raises the temperature several degrees at once The heat pump goes into defrost mode and needs temporary backup heat In most cases, auxiliary heat turns off automatically once your home reaches the set temperature. Still, if you see “AUX” on all the time, that can mean your system is struggling to keep up — or that something needs professional attention. (We’ve seen plenty of situations where a simple thermostat setting caused unnecessary aux use.) The Cost of Running Aux Heat Here’s the part homeowners often don’t love hearing: auxiliary heat uses more energy than regular heat pump operation. That’s because electric resistance coils draw a lot of power. If your system relies on auxiliary heat too often, your utility bills can climb fast. To keep costs down, make sure your home is properly insulated and sealed. Also, avoid large temperature swings on your thermostat. Gradual adjustments give your heat pump time to do most of the work before aux heat is needed. For more details on heat pump efficiency, the U.S. Department of Energy offers great guidance on how to optimize your system for different climates. How to Tell If Auxiliary Heat Is Working Properly One quick test is to check how the air feels. When auxiliary heat activates, supply air from your vents should feel noticeably warmer than during standard heat pump operation. If it feels cold or only slightly warm, there could be an issue with the heating elements or thermostat settings. At C&R Services, we test for this during regular maintenance. We measure current draw, inspect relays, and verify thermostat communication — small details that can make a big difference when temperatures drop. Preventing Overuse of Aux Heat 1. Regular MaintenanceA clean, tuned-up system performs better and doesn’t rely on backup heat as often. Dirty coils, clogged filters, or low refrigerant levels can all cause your heat pump to struggle. 2. Smart Thermostat SettingsModern thermostats can learn your habits and reduce unnecessary aux usage. (We’ve seen some homeowners cut energy use by 10–15% just by upgrading.) 3. Weather AwarenessWhen severe cold hits, it’s normal for auxiliary heat to run more often. But if you live in an area with frequent temperature dips — like parts of East Texas in January — it’s worth having a technician review your setup to ensure efficiency. If you’re looking for reliable seasonal advice and ways to save on heating costs, ENERGY STAR’s Heating and Cooling Guide has some solid, easy tips to follow. When to Call a Professional If your system runs on auxiliary heat constantly, blows cold air, or shows unusually high energy bills, it’s time for a service call. For more insight on that cold air issue, check out our post on why your heater might be blowing cold air — it breaks down the common causes and what to check before calling a pro. At C&R Services, we specialize in diagnosing all types of heat pump issues — including auxiliary heat problems — with accuracy and care. Whether you need repairs, maintenance, or a full system check, we’re here to help keep your home comfortable. FAQs About Auxiliary Heat Now that we’ve covered the basics, here are some common questions we hear about auxiliary heat during service calls. If you’ve ever wondered about aux heat and how it affects your comfort, the key takeaway is that it’s your system’s safety net — helpful when needed, but costly if overused. For peace of mind and optimal performance, schedule a heat pump inspection with C&R Services today. Contact C&R Services to learn more about our heat pump services or to book a professional tune-up that keeps your system running efficiently all winter long.

Outdoor mini split heat pump system installed beside a home — helps illustrate what size mini split you need.
Air Conditioning, Heat Pumps, Heating, HVAC Systems, Installation

What Size Mini Split Do I Need for My Home?

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If you’ve been wondering, “what size mini split do I need?”, you’re not alone. At C&R Services, we get this question all the time from homeowners looking to upgrade their comfort and cut energy costs. The truth is, choosing the right size mini split is about more than square footage—it’s about finding the perfect balance between efficiency, power, and comfort. And because mini splits use heat pump technology, they don’t just cool your home, they also provide efficient heating when the weather turns cold. As technicians, we’ve seen both ends of the spectrum: systems that barely cool the space and others so oversized they short-cycle all day. Neither is good for your comfort or your wallet. Why Sizing a Mini Split System Matters Before we get into sizing, it’s worth understanding what a mini split system actually is. In simple terms, it’s a type of heat pump that connects an outdoor unit to one or more indoor air handlers. Depending on the layout, mini splits can be ducted, ductless, or a mix of both, making them a flexible option for homes without traditional HVAC setups. When homeowners ask what size mini split they need, they’re really asking how much heating and cooling capacity fits their home’s needs. Mini splits are measured in BTUs (British Thermal Units)—the higher the number, the more power it delivers. But bigger isn’t always better. An oversized unit will cool or heat a room too quickly, shutting off before it can dehumidify properly. That leads to sticky air and uneven temperatures. On the flip side, an undersized unit struggles constantly, wasting energy while trying to keep up. (We’ve seen units in garages running nonstop in Texas summers—trust us, they don’t last long.) How to Calculate What Size Mini Split You Need So, what size mini split do you need for your space? The general rule of thumb is 20 BTUs per square foot of conditioned area. But this is just a starting point. Other factors like insulation, ceiling height, windows, and local climate can all affect your system’s true needs. Here’s a quick breakdown to help you estimate: Room Size (sq ft) Estimated BTU Capacity 150–300 6,000 BTU 300–500 9,000 BTU 500–1,000 12,000–18,000 BTU 1,000–1,500 18,000–24,000 BTU 1,500–2,000+ 24,000–36,000 BTU+ Still, this chart isn’t a replacement for a professional load calculation. If you’re serious about accuracy (and comfort), have a licensed HVAC technician run a Manual J calculation—the industry standard for properly sizing heating and cooling systems. You can learn more about what’s involved in a homeowner-friendly guide from Energy Vanguard. Factors That Affect Mini Split Sizing 1. Insulation and Air Leakage Poor insulation makes even a powerful unit work overtime. If your home leaks air through windows, doors, or duct gaps, your system’s performance will drop fast. 2. Ceiling Height Taller ceilings mean more air to condition. If you’ve got vaulted or open-concept spaces, go a bit higher in BTUs. 3. Sun Exposure Rooms that get a lot of sunlight—especially those facing west or south—tend to need extra cooling power depending on insulation and climate. 4. Local Climate In warmer states like Texas or Florida, cooling demands are much higher than in northern regions. For colder climates, heating performance and heat pump efficiency matter most. If you’re curious how mini splits compare to traditional systems, check out our post on what forced air heating is — it breaks down how conventional HVAC systems move air. (And if you live in a place like East Texas, where summers hit triple digits and winters can still surprise you, it’s best to size for both seasons.) Professional Help: How C&R Services Gets It Right At C&R Services, we don’t just guess when customers ask what size mini split they need. We measure, calculate, and verify—because every home is different. We look at room orientation, window types, insulation, and even your home’s construction materials. That’s what separates a precise installation from a rough estimate. We also guide homeowners through single-zone vs. multi-zone systems, helping you decide whether one indoor air handler will do or if your setup needs multiple units for even coverage. (For example, that upstairs bonus room that’s always hotter than the rest? We’ve all seen that one.) If you’re unsure, check out the Department of Energy’s guide to ductless heat pumps—it’s a great resource for understanding energy savings and system types. Lifestyle Considerations While sizing a mini split sounds technical, lifestyle plays a big role too. Do you cook often and heat up the kitchen? Do you prefer sleeping cold? Have pets that add body heat to a room? These details may sound small, but they help determine what size mini split you need to stay comfortable all year. Because most mini splits are heat pumps, they deliver comfort in every season — heating in winter and cooling in summer — all with impressive energy efficiency. And if you’re switching modes for the first time, our quick guide on how to switch your AC to heat walks you through it step by step. As techs, we’ve learned that comfort is personal. Some folks want steady cool air 24/7, while others just want to knock down the humidity. We tailor every recommendation to fit your habits, not just your square footage. Choosing the Right Mini Split Energy Efficiency and Rebates Always look for ENERGY STAR® certified systems. They’re more efficient, last longer, and can help you qualify for utility rebates or federal tax credits, depending on your location and program eligibility. To see what’s available in your area, check the ENERGY STAR Rebate Finder. Noise Levels and Design Modern mini splits are quiet—some are whisper-level—but placement still matters. Don’t mount the indoor air handler right above your bed or sofa if you’re sensitive to sound. Maintenance and Longevity Even the best-sized system won’t perform well without maintenance. Schedule yearly service to clean coils, check refrigerant, and inspect electrical components. A small tune-up goes a long way. Final Thoughts: What Size Mini Split Do I Need? If you’re

Woman wrapped in a blanket warming her hands near a space heater because her heater is blowing cold air.
Heating, HVAC Systems, Maintenance

Why Is My Heater Blowing Cold Air?

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If you’ve ever asked yourself, “Why is my heater blowing cold air?” while shivering inside your own home, you’re not alone. It’s one of the most common calls we get at C&R Services, and believe me—nothing tests your patience faster than a furnace that suddenly forgets its job. The good news? In most cases, the fix is easier than you’d expect. Let’s walk through the most likely reasons, what you can check first, and when it’s time to call a pro. Why Is My Heater Blowing Cold Air Instead of Warm Air? When your heater starts blowing cold air, the issue usually falls into one of three categories—settings, airflow, or system malfunction. Think of it like a chain: if one link breaks, the whole thing stops working as it should. Here are the most common culprits we see: The Thermostat Is Set IncorrectlyIt might sound obvious, but double-check your thermostat. Make sure it’s on “Heat” mode and not “Fan Only.” In fan mode, the blower keeps running even when the furnace isn’t heating, which can make it feel like the system’s blowing cold air. (Happens more often than people admit—I’ve seen it plenty of times during service calls!) The Furnace Filter Is CloggedA dirty filter restricts airflow and can cause your furnace to overheat. When that happens, safety controls shut down the burner but keep the fan running—pushing cool air instead of warm. Swap your filter every 1–3 months to keep air moving freely. The U.S. Department of Energy recommends regular filter changes for better efficiency and indoor air quality. The Pilot Light or Igniter Failed If your system uses a pilot light, check to see if it’s still lit. For modern systems, electronic igniters can wear out too. Without ignition, your furnace can’t produce heat—so the fan just circulates room-temperature air. If you’ve already ruled out the thermostat and filter but your system still won’t ignite, it might be a deeper issue. You can read our post on what to do if your furnace is not turning on for a step-by-step look at what might be causing the problem and when it’s time to call for service. Airflow Issues That Can Make a Heater Blow Cold Air Restricted airflow is one of those sneaky problems that doesn’t always seem serious at first. But it can lead to costly repairs if ignored. Blocked Vents or Registers: Make sure furniture or rugs aren’t covering vents. You’d be surprised how often we find a couch hiding the main supply vent. Leaky Ductwork: If your ducts are damaged or poorly sealed, warm air escapes before reaching your rooms. A quick duct inspection by a professional can uncover hidden leaks. Return Air Problems: A blocked return vent means your system can’t pull in enough air to heat properly. (Here’s a quick technician tip: when one room is way colder than others, it’s almost always a vent or duct issue.) If you’ve ever wondered how all that heated air actually travels through your home, take a look at our explainer on what forced air heating is and how it works. It breaks down the process behind your duct system and shows why airflow balance is so important for comfort and efficiency. Why Is My Heater Blowing Cold Air When It Starts Up? Sometimes, your heater may blow cool air briefly before warming up. This isn’t always a problem. When your system first kicks on, it needs a few seconds to heat the air in the ducts. If the air stays cold beyond a minute or two, though, it’s worth investigating. Another possible cause is a malfunctioning flame sensor—a small part that confirms the burner is lit. When it gets dirty or fails, it shuts the flame off early, leaving you with nothing but cold air. You can learn more about how modern furnaces and burners work from the U.S. Department of Energy’s furnace and boiler guide. And if you want a clearer, homeowner-friendly breakdown of how your furnace actually works, our guide walks through the entire heating process step-by-step. Electrical or Gas Supply Problems When all else fails, check the basics: is the furnace actually getting power or gas? A tripped breaker, closed gas valve, or disconnected switch can stop heat production in an instant. If you’re not comfortable checking those, it’s best to call a professional like C&R Services. We’ll safely test the system and make sure you’re not dealing with something dangerous. When to Call a Professional If you’ve checked your thermostat, replaced your filter, and confirmed your pilot light—but your heater’s still blowing cold air—don’t keep running it. Prolonged operation can overheat components, crack a heat exchanger, or trigger safety shutoffs. At C&R Services, we use diagnostic tools to pinpoint the cause quickly. Whether it’s a faulty control board, a pressure switch problem, or an airflow restriction deep in the ductwork, we’ll get it fixed the right way. (And yes, we’ve seen it all—from nests in vents to furnace panels taped shut. You name it, we’ve found it.) If your system just isn’t keeping up, it may be time to schedule professional heating repair services. Our team will inspect, diagnose, and restore your system to full heat—safely and efficiently. Preventing Future Cold-Air Problems Regular maintenance makes a huge difference. Schedule a professional tune-up each fall to catch small issues before they become big ones. Cleaning burners, checking sensors, and inspecting venting systems helps keep your heater running efficiently all season long. Simple habits—like replacing filters and keeping vents clear—go a long way toward preventing cold air surprises. Why Is My Heater Blowing Cold Air? The Takeaway If you’ve been wondering why your heater is blowing cold air, start with the easy checks: thermostat mode, filters, and pilot light. If none of those solve it, don’t wait—have a licensed technician inspect your system before the next cold front hits. For reliable, honest heating repair, contact C&R Services. We proudly serve Tyler and all of East Texas, and we’ll make sure your home

Forced air heating system with furnace and insulated ductwork installed in a residential attic.
HVAC Systems, Indoor Air Quality, Maintenance

What Is Forced Air Heating and How Does It Work?

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When homeowners ask, “what is forced air heating?” it’s usually because they’ve heard the term but aren’t sure what sets it apart. At C&R Services, we get this question a lot—especially from people trying to understand how their HVAC system really keeps them comfortable. The truth is, forced air heating is one of the most common and effective ways to warm a home, but it’s often misunderstood. Let’s break it down in plain language and talk about how it works, why it’s popular, and when it might be time to get yours checked. What Is Forced Air Heating? In simple terms, forced air heating is a system that uses air as the medium for distributing heat throughout your home. The furnace heats the air, and a blower pushes that warm air through ducts and out of vents in each room. Pretty simple, right? If you’d like a deeper breakdown of how a furnace actually creates and moves heat, our guide on how a furnace works walks through each stage in simple, clear steps. Unlike radiant or baseboard heating systems, which rely on surfaces to transfer heat, forced air systems move warmth through airflow. Because of that, they heat your space faster and maintain more consistent temperatures. That warm rush of air you feel when the furnace starts up? That’s your forced air system distributing heat through the ducts. How Forced Air Heating Works Step-by-Step Here’s what happens behind the scenes every time your thermostat calls for heat: The thermostat signals your furnace. Once the temperature dips below your setting, the furnace turns on. The air gets heated. This happens through a gas burner or electric element inside the unit. The blower motor kicks in. It forces that warm air through your home’s duct system. Air circulates back. Cool air returns through intake vents to be reheated and recirculated. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, this cycle keeps indoor air balanced while maintaining efficiency—especially when your ducts are sealed and your filters are clean. Once you understand that basic airflow cycle, switching between heating and cooling makes a lot more sense. When the seasons change, knowing how to properly switch your system from AC to heat helps prevent thermostat mix-ups and airflow issues—two of the most common reasons homeowners call us for service. Advantages of a Forced Air Heating System Forced air heating systems have stood the test of time because they’re reliable, efficient, and versatile. Here are a few reasons why so many homes use them: Energy Efficiency: Newer furnaces can reach up to 98% efficiency, saving energy and lowering bills. Fast Heating: Warm air circulates quickly, making forced air one of the fastest heating methods available. Easy Integration: You can add central air conditioning or indoor air quality upgrades using the same ductwork. Consistent Comfort: Even temperatures and proper humidity levels make your home feel just right. At C&R Services, we’ve installed, maintained, and repaired countless forced air systems over the years. When these systems are properly sized and maintained, they can last for decades. Common Forced Air Heating Problems (and What We See Most Often) Even the best systems need a little attention from time to time. The most common issues we see include dirty filters, leaky ducts, and worn-out blower motors. Sometimes, it’s as simple as a thermostat that needs recalibrating. Here’s a little insider tip: If your system starts making strange noises or blowing cold air, don’t ignore it. Small issues tend to become big repairs fast. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), proper HVAC operation and maintenance play a major role in supporting healthy indoor air quality. Regular filter changes and inspections help systems run efficiently while keeping air cleaner. Even a small amount of dust or buildup in your ductwork can reduce airflow and strain the system, which is why regular maintenance makes such a difference. Maintaining Your Forced Air System To keep your forced air heating system running smoothly, you’ll want to: Replace filters every 1–3 months. Schedule annual furnace maintenance. Check duct seals for leaks or gaps. Keep supply and return vents unobstructed. These small steps go a long way toward keeping your forced air system efficient and reliable all season long. Why Proper Airflow Matters If you’ve ever had rooms that feel warmer or cooler than others, airflow imbalance might be the culprit. Forced air systems depend on clean ducts and balanced registers. Adjusting dampers or adding zoning controls can make a huge difference in comfort and energy efficiency. At C&R Services, we often recommend a professional airflow test. It’s one of the easiest ways to spot hidden inefficiencies—and it can save homeowners real money over time. When to Call the Pros If your forced air heating system struggles to keep up or seems louder than usual, that’s a good time to call a professional. Our trained HVAC technicians at C&R Services can diagnose the issue quickly and get your heat back on track without unnecessary parts or guesswork. To see how we keep systems running safely and efficiently, take a look at our heating services. Final Thoughts So, what is forced air heating, really? It’s the tried-and-true backbone of modern home comfort—a system designed to keep warm air flowing efficiently through every room. Whether you’re dealing with an older furnace or exploring energy-efficient replacements, understanding how your system works helps you make better choices. If your home isn’t staying as comfortable as it should, or you’re curious about upgrading your setup, contact C&R Services today. Our experienced team is ready to inspect, repair, or install a forced air system that fits your home perfectly. We proudly serve homeowners in Tyler, TX, and throughout the surrounding East Texas communities. Frequently Asked Questions About Forced Air Heating Before you go, here are a few common questions we get from customers: Ready to schedule service or learn more about your system? Reach out to C&R Services today to get started.

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