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Air Conditioning

A technician measuring refrigerant pressure on an outdoor AC unit, inspecting essential parts of HVAC system equipment.
Air Conditioning, Heating, HVAC Systems, Maintenance

Parts of HVAC System: What Every Homeowner Should Know

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Most homeowners don’t think about the parts of HVAC system equipment until something feels off. Maybe the airflow is weaker than last month, or the temperature feels uneven from one room to the next. Since we work with heating and cooling equipment every day at C&R Services, we know how important it is to understand the essentials. When you know what each component does, you can spot issues faster and keep your home running comfortably year-round. How the Main Parts of a Forced-Air HVAC System Work Together Every home relies on the same essential HVAC components, even if the equipment varies. While systems can look different from house to house, the main parts of an HVAC system always work together in predictable ways. When one part struggles, the entire system feels the strain. Understanding those relationships helps you make smarter decisions when something breaks or when you’re planning future upgrades. Air Handlers, Blowers, and the Heart of Airflow The air handler and blower assembly control how air moves through your home. These components push conditioned air through the ducts and pull stale air back into the system. When the blower slows down, airflow drops. And as you might guess, reduced airflow often leads to hot and cold spots. If you want to understand how airflow connects to comfort, our blog on forced air heating is a good place to start because it breaks down the role of ducts, vents, and circulation in an easy way. Evaporator Coils and Condenser Coils are Key Parts of an HVAC System The evaporator coil absorbs indoor heat. The condenser coil releases that heat outdoors. These two coils perform a constant exchange whenever your cooling system runs. When dirt collects on the coils, your energy use goes up quickly. The U.S. Department of Energy explains why clean coils improve efficiency and reduce cooling cost. The Refrigerant Circuit and Why It Matters Inside the coils, refrigerant moves heat in or out of your home. Although it’s often misunderstood, refrigerant is essential for proper cooling. If the level drops, the system runs longer and temperatures start to drift. Most shortages happen because of leaks, not normal use. And when a homeowner suspects low refrigerant, they usually call us right away because refrigerant issues never fix themselves. Thermostats and HVAC System Controls Thermostats direct every other component. Yet the wrong settings or outdated technology can throw off the entire system. Smart thermostats, for example, help stabilize temperature swings and reduce wasted energy. The U.S. Department of Energy explains how updated thermostat technology improves efficiency and overall comfort, which is why proper settings matter more than most people realize. And when your thermostat isn’t communicating properly, you often feel the symptoms long before you realize the control is the problem—like short cycling, uneven temperatures, or a system that runs nonstop. Ductwork, Vents, and the Distribution Side of the System Even when the equipment runs perfectly, poorly sealed ducts leak air into unconditioned spaces. That lost air forces your HVAC system to work harder. Because the ductwork is hidden behind walls, floors, and attic spaces, it’s one of the most overlooked parts of HVAC system performance. Simple improvements like sealing joints or adding insulation can make a noticeable difference in comfort. Filters and Indoor Air Quality Air filters protect every major component. They also help maintain healthier air inside your home. When filters clog, the blower strains and the evaporator coil can freeze. Regular replacements are an easy fix, yet many homeowners forget until airflow drops. Because clean filters support airflow and reduce strain on the system, this simple, inexpensive step makes a huge difference in overall performance. Additional Parts Found in Forced-Air Heating and Cooling Systems Most homes use forced-air HVAC systems, and some setups include a few extra components depending on whether the home uses a gas furnace or a cooling system. Gas furnaces rely on burners, ignition systems, and inducer motors to create heat safely before it moves through the ducts. Cooling systems like central air conditioners and heat pumps use compressors, condenser fan motors, and condensate drains to manage refrigerant flow and moisture. Even though these parts vary by equipment type, they all work alongside the main HVAC components to keep your home comfortable. Heat Exchangers and Heating Safety Heat exchangers transfer heat from the combustion chamber to the air without mixing fumes into your living space. Because they handle high heat, they can crack over time. A cracked exchanger can allow combustion gases, including carbon monoxide, to enter the airflow, which is why annual checkups matter for safety. A damaged exchanger can also trigger safety shutdowns that keep the system from heating at all. At C&R Services, our technicians inspect these exchangers closely during seasonal tune-ups. Maintenance and Why Knowing the Parts of an HVAC System Helps When you understand the main parts of an HVAC system, it becomes much easier to spot early warning signs. Weak airflow, strange noises, short cycling, or shifting temperatures usually relate to one of the core pieces described above. And since we repair all major HVAC brands, we see how small issues turn into bigger repairs when they’re ignored. Quick action saves money and prevents breakdowns, and we provide a full range of HVAC services if you need professional support. Why Homeowners Choose C&R Services We work with HVAC systems every day, and we’ve helped families across East Texas keep their homes comfortable through long summers and chilly winter nights. If you want help, guidance, or a full system inspection, contact C&R Services and our team will be ready to help. FAQ: Quick Answers About HVAC System Parts Here are a few common questions homeowners ask when learning about HVAC components.

Outdoor mini split heat pump system installed beside a home — helps illustrate what size mini split you need.
Air Conditioning, Heat Pumps, Heating, HVAC Systems, Installation

What Size Mini Split Do I Need for My Home?

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If you’ve been wondering, “what size mini split do I need?”, you’re not alone. At C&R Services, we get this question all the time from homeowners looking to upgrade their comfort and cut energy costs. The truth is, choosing the right size mini split is about more than square footage—it’s about finding the perfect balance between efficiency, power, and comfort. And because mini splits use heat pump technology, they don’t just cool your home, they also provide efficient heating when the weather turns cold. As technicians, we’ve seen both ends of the spectrum: systems that barely cool the space and others so oversized they short-cycle all day. Neither is good for your comfort or your wallet. Why Sizing a Mini Split System Matters Before we get into sizing, it’s worth understanding what a mini split system actually is. In simple terms, it’s a type of heat pump that connects an outdoor unit to one or more indoor air handlers. Depending on the layout, mini splits can be ducted, ductless, or a mix of both, making them a flexible option for homes without traditional HVAC setups. When homeowners ask what size mini split they need, they’re really asking how much heating and cooling capacity fits their home’s needs. Mini splits are measured in BTUs (British Thermal Units)—the higher the number, the more power it delivers. But bigger isn’t always better. An oversized unit will cool or heat a room too quickly, shutting off before it can dehumidify properly. That leads to sticky air and uneven temperatures. On the flip side, an undersized unit struggles constantly, wasting energy while trying to keep up. (We’ve seen units in garages running nonstop in Texas summers—trust us, they don’t last long.) How to Calculate What Size Mini Split You Need So, what size mini split do you need for your space? The general rule of thumb is 20 BTUs per square foot of conditioned area. But this is just a starting point. Other factors like insulation, ceiling height, windows, and local climate can all affect your system’s true needs. Here’s a quick breakdown to help you estimate: Room Size (sq ft) Estimated BTU Capacity 150–300 6,000 BTU 300–500 9,000 BTU 500–1,000 12,000–18,000 BTU 1,000–1,500 18,000–24,000 BTU 1,500–2,000+ 24,000–36,000 BTU+ Still, this chart isn’t a replacement for a professional load calculation. If you’re serious about accuracy (and comfort), have a licensed HVAC technician run a Manual J calculation—the industry standard for properly sizing heating and cooling systems. You can learn more about what’s involved in a homeowner-friendly guide from Energy Vanguard. Factors That Affect Mini Split Sizing 1. Insulation and Air Leakage Poor insulation makes even a powerful unit work overtime. If your home leaks air through windows, doors, or duct gaps, your system’s performance will drop fast. 2. Ceiling Height Taller ceilings mean more air to condition. If you’ve got vaulted or open-concept spaces, go a bit higher in BTUs. 3. Sun Exposure Rooms that get a lot of sunlight—especially those facing west or south—tend to need extra cooling power depending on insulation and climate. 4. Local Climate In warmer states like Texas or Florida, cooling demands are much higher than in northern regions. For colder climates, heating performance and heat pump efficiency matter most. If you’re curious how mini splits compare to traditional systems, check out our post on what forced air heating is — it breaks down how conventional HVAC systems move air. (And if you live in a place like East Texas, where summers hit triple digits and winters can still surprise you, it’s best to size for both seasons.) Professional Help: How C&R Services Gets It Right At C&R Services, we don’t just guess when customers ask what size mini split they need. We measure, calculate, and verify—because every home is different. We look at room orientation, window types, insulation, and even your home’s construction materials. That’s what separates a precise installation from a rough estimate. We also guide homeowners through single-zone vs. multi-zone systems, helping you decide whether one indoor air handler will do or if your setup needs multiple units for even coverage. (For example, that upstairs bonus room that’s always hotter than the rest? We’ve all seen that one.) If you’re unsure, check out the Department of Energy’s guide to ductless heat pumps—it’s a great resource for understanding energy savings and system types. Lifestyle Considerations While sizing a mini split sounds technical, lifestyle plays a big role too. Do you cook often and heat up the kitchen? Do you prefer sleeping cold? Have pets that add body heat to a room? These details may sound small, but they help determine what size mini split you need to stay comfortable all year. Because most mini splits are heat pumps, they deliver comfort in every season — heating in winter and cooling in summer — all with impressive energy efficiency. And if you’re switching modes for the first time, our quick guide on how to switch your AC to heat walks you through it step by step. As techs, we’ve learned that comfort is personal. Some folks want steady cool air 24/7, while others just want to knock down the humidity. We tailor every recommendation to fit your habits, not just your square footage. Choosing the Right Mini Split Energy Efficiency and Rebates Always look for ENERGY STAR® certified systems. They’re more efficient, last longer, and can help you qualify for utility rebates or federal tax credits, depending on your location and program eligibility. To see what’s available in your area, check the ENERGY STAR Rebate Finder. Noise Levels and Design Modern mini splits are quiet—some are whisper-level—but placement still matters. Don’t mount the indoor air handler right above your bed or sofa if you’re sensitive to sound. Maintenance and Longevity Even the best-sized system won’t perform well without maintenance. Schedule yearly service to clean coils, check refrigerant, and inspect electrical components. A small tune-up goes a long way. Final Thoughts: What Size Mini Split Do I Need? If you’re

C&R Services - What Does Freon Smell Like and Is It Dangerous? 1
Air Conditioning, Indoor Air Quality, Maintenance

What Does Freon Smell Like and Is It Dangerous?

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If you’ve ever wondered, what does Freon smell like, you’re not alone. As HVAC technicians at C&R Services, we get this question all the time—usually from homeowners who catch an odd odor near their vents or outdoor unit and aren’t quite sure what it means. The truth is, Freon (the common name for refrigerant) shouldn’t have a strong, lingering smell at all. When you do notice something unusual, it’s worth paying attention, because it could signal a leak or another issue in your system. What Does Freon Smell Like? In most cases, Freon has a faint, sweet, or chloroform-like scent. It’s subtle enough that many people barely notice it—until a leak grows larger. If the odor becomes stronger or more chemical in nature, that’s often a sign of escaping refrigerant gas. Some people also describe the smell as slightly metallic or musty. Because everyone’s sense of smell is different, there’s no single description that fits all. However, if you ever catch a scent that seems off when your AC is running, it’s a good idea to have a technician from C&R Services take a closer look. (Quick aside: I’ve had customers call it “pool water meets car exhaust”—not exactly the kind of air you want indoors!) Why a Freon Leak Is Dangerous Even small refrigerant leaks can pose serious risks. Exposure to concentrated refrigerant gases can cause dizziness, nausea, and, in severe cases, asphyxiation in confined spaces. Besides the health hazards, leaks are harmful to the environment and can damage your HVAC system’s compressor over time. When refrigerant escapes, your system loses pressure and efficiency. That means longer run times, higher energy bills, and reduced cooling power—especially during hot summer days when you need your AC most. What Does Freon Smell Like During a Leak? You might not always smell Freon right away, but other symptoms can help you spot trouble early: Weak airflow or uneven cooling throughout the house Hissing or bubbling sounds coming from the indoor or outdoor unit Higher electricity bills with no obvious reason Frozen coils or ice buildup on your refrigerant lines A sweet or chemical odor, especially near vents If you notice any of these issues—or if you’re still asking yourself, what does Freon smell like—it’s best to schedule a professional inspection. At C&R Services, we use leak detection tools that pinpoint the source safely and accurately. What to Do if You Smell Freon First, open a few windows to get fresh air circulating. Then, turn off your HVAC system to prevent more refrigerant from escaping. Avoid trying to fix it yourself—refrigerant handling requires EPA certification and specialized equipment. Next, call a licensed HVAC technician. A professional can identify the leak, recover and replace lost refrigerant, and ensure your system runs at the proper pressure again. If your system isn’t cooling properly, you may need professional AC repair to restore comfort and efficiency. For more information on refrigerant safety and regulations, visit the EPA’s page on Managing Refrigerant in Stationary Equipment. Preventing Future Leaks Regular AC maintenance is the best way to prevent leaks before they start. During a tune-up, a technician checks your refrigerant lines, coil condition, and system pressure to keep everything running smoothly. At C&R Services, we recommend scheduling seasonal maintenance before summer hits. (Trust me, you don’t want to find out your system’s low on refrigerant when it’s 95°F outside.) For a practical guide to preparing your home for seasonal temperature changes, you can also check the Department of Energy’s home cooling tips for more advice. Is It Safe to Breathe Freon? In short—no. While short exposure to small amounts may not cause major harm, breathing in refrigerant gas intentionally or for long periods is extremely dangerous. It can displace oxygen, leading to headaches, dizziness, or worse. That’s one reason professional HVAC technicians wear protective gear when handling refrigerants. So, if you ever detect a chemical odor near your vents, don’t ignore it. It’s always better to be cautious and call an expert. When to Call the Experts: What Does Freon Smell Like and Is It Dangerous? Strange smells, ice buildup, or uneven cooling usually mean something’s off inside your HVAC system. The good news? Most issues are quick fixes when caught early. Our crew at C&R Services can track down the problem fast and get your system running smoothly again. Whether you’re dealing with weak cooling, unusual odors, or rising energy bills, our team offers complete HVAC services in Tyler and East TX to keep your system running smoothly. Call us today at (903) 204-7571 or reach out online to schedule service and keep your home safe, comfortable, and efficient. We proudly serve Tyler, TX, and the surrounding East Texas communities—but we’re always happy to share our expertise with homeowners nationwide. FAQs If you’ve been wondering what does Freon smell like, now you know it’s more than just an odd odor—it’s a potential warning sign. Don’t wait for it to get worse; contact C&R Services today for expert help and dependable HVAC care.

C&R Services - How to Switch Your AC to Heat: Step-by-Step Guide
Air Conditioning, Heating, Seasonal Tips, Thermostats

How to Switch Your AC to Heat: Step-by-Step Guide

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When the weather starts changing, it’s easy to forget that your HVAC system needs a little adjustment too. Every fall, we get calls from homeowners wondering how to switch from AC to heat without accidentally triggering an error code or blowing cold air. Trust us — it happens more often than you’d think. At C&R Services, we help families make the transition every year, and the good news is that it’s usually a simple process once you know what to check. Understanding How Your System Switches from AC to Heat Before you start flipping switches or pushing buttons, it helps to know what’s happening inside your system. When you switch from AC to heat, your thermostat signals your indoor and outdoor units to reverse their roles. Instead of pulling warm air out of your home, your heat pump or furnace begins generating warmth and distributing it through your ducts. (Quick tip—many homeowners forget to change their thermostat setting from Cool to Heat. It sounds obvious, but we’ve seen seasoned homeowners miss it after a long summer.) According to the U.S. Department of Energy, setting and programming your thermostat correctly can improve both comfort and efficiency. That means fewer surprises when temperatures swing overnight. Step 1: Set Your Thermostat to Heat Mode The first step in switching from AC to heat is updating your thermostat. Most modern thermostats have clearly labeled Cool, Heat, and Auto settings. If your system doesn’t respond immediately, don’t panic—it can take a minute for the system to recalibrate. For smart thermostats, double-check your app or schedule settings to make sure the system won’t automatically revert back to cooling mode. We’ve had more than one customer think their system was broken when it was just following a programmed schedule. Step 2: Adjust the Temperature Gradually When Going from AC to Heat When you move your system from AC to heat, avoid setting the temperature 10 degrees higher all at once. A gradual adjustment—say two or three degrees at a time—helps the system switch smoothly and reduces strain. This small change can extend the life of your components and prevent uneven heating across your home. Step 3: Listen and Observe After Switching from AC to Heat Once you’ve made the switch, stand near your vents and listen. You should hear a gentle hum or soft airflow within a few minutes. If you hear metallic clanks, buzzing, or smell burning dust, don’t worry right away—some odor is normal when the heating elements warm up for the first time in months. However, if it lingers, it’s worth calling a technician to take a look. At C&R Services, we always tell customers: trust your senses. If something sounds or smells off, there’s probably a reason. Step 4: Check Airflow and Filters When you go from AC to heat, airflow becomes even more important. Dirty or clogged filters restrict warm air and can trigger system shutdowns or short cycles. Replace your filters at the start of the season or at least every 90 days. For better indoor air quality and efficiency, most HVAC pros recommend using filters with a MERV-13 rating or higher—if your system can handle it. According to ASHRAE’s guidelines, airflow and system capacity should always be factored in when upgrading your filter. Step 5: Test Your Heat Pump or Furnace If your system includes a heat pump, switching from AC to heat is as simple as flipping the mode on your thermostat. The reversing valve changes direction automatically. But if you have a gas furnace, you’ll want to ensure your pilot light or ignition system is working correctly before you rely on it full-time. And if you need a clearer explanation of how a furnace generates heat, ignites, and pushes warm air through the home, our furnace guide walks through the entire process. We’ve had homeowners call in panic when they smell that first puff of dust burning off the coils—it’s totally normal. That smell usually disappears after a few minutes of running the heat. However, if your furnace won’t ignite or keeps blowing cold air, it’s time to schedule professional heating repair. When to Call a Professional If your thermostat doesn’t respond, your vents stay cold, or your breaker keeps tripping, it’s time to call for help. Sometimes, the problem is minor—like a loose wire or blocked intake. But it can also point to something more serious, such as a failed heat pump valve or dirty sensors. C&R Services handles all types of HVAC issues, and our team can make sure your system transitions safely and efficiently between seasons. Keep Your System Ready for Every Season Making the switch from AC to heat isn’t complicated, but it’s one of those small tasks that can make a big difference in comfort and reliability. Your cooling system worked hard all summer, so now’s the perfect time to shift focus to heating maintenance before cooler weather sets in. And when spring rolls around again, don’t forget to schedule your AC maintenance to keep both systems running at their best year-round. Contact C&R Services If you’re unsure how to switch your system from AC to heat or your furnace just won’t cooperate, our team can help. We offer fast, reliable HVAC repair and maintenance throughout East Texas. Call (903) 204-7571 or schedule your appointment online today. Stay comfortable through every season with C&R Services. Frequently Asked Questions Switching from AC to heat is a small seasonal task that saves big in comfort and peace of mind. And when in doubt, don’t hesitate to contact C&R Services. We’re your trusted HVAC experts in Tyler and throughout East Texas. We’re here to make sure your system transitions smoothly and keeps your home comfortable year-round. Still have questions about switching from AC to heat? Here are a few common ones we hear from homeowners every fall:

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